{"id":1382,"date":"2026-01-29T11:27:40","date_gmt":"2026-01-29T04:27:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mpenergy.vn\/?p=1382"},"modified":"2026-02-10T08:26:17","modified_gmt":"2026-02-10T01:26:17","slug":"he-thong-dien-nang-luong-mat-troi-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mpenergy.vn\/en\/he-thong-dien-nang-luong-mat-troi-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e0nh cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh chi ph\u00ed ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ed1ng “xanh” l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i \u01b0u cho c\u1ea3 h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u1eabn nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. V\u1eady th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ra sao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n? H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/a> (Solar PV System) l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin quang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n. Ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o ra ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC), sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u (AC) \u2013 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f9y v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 3 lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi h\u00f2a l\u01b0\u1edbi (On-Grid)<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t cho h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf: \u01afu ti\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f9 v\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu d\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean l\u01b0\u1edbi (t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch mua \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: Chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec pin l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"H\u1ec7
 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng On Grid<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (Off-Grid)<\/strong> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf: \u0110i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng s\u1ea3n sinh t\u1eeb t\u1ea5m pin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea1p v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng pin l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (Lithium ho\u1eb7c \u1eafc quy) \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam ho\u1eb7c khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa, h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"h\u1ec7
 H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi off grid<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi h\u00f2a l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (Hybrid)<\/strong> H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa On-grid v\u00e0 Off-grid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf: V\u1eeba h\u00f2a l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 pin l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. Khi m\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u1edbi, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u01b0u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec7n 24\/7, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n s\u1ea1ch. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"H\u1ec7<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chi ti\u1ebft<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh tr\u01a1n tru c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u linh ki\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>3.1. T\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi (Solar Panels\/PV)<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 “tr\u00e1i tim” c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin PV<\/strong><\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o quang \u0111i\u1ec7n (Solar Cells) b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 Silic). Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 photon t\u1eeb \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n DC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"T\u1ea5m
 K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u T\u1ea5m Pin PV<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>3.2. Bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n (Inverter) – B\u1ed9 n\u00e3o \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n Inverter<\/strong><\/a> c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t: chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n DC t\u1eeb pin m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n AC. T\u00f9y theo quy m\u00f4, Inverter \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf (3kW – 10kW): Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh, t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh, tivi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy m\u00f4 trung b\u00ecnh (15kW – 50kW): Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, h\u1ed9 kinh doanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn (100kW+): D\u00e0nh cho nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, trang tr\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Bi\u1ebfn
 Bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n GOODWE 1 pha<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 pha: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi Inverter 1 pha<\/strong>: D\u00f9ng cho \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi Inverter 3 pha<\/strong>: D\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Bi\u1ebfn
 Bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n GOODWE 3 pha<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>3.3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef (Battery\/ESS)<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Hybrid ho\u1eb7c Off-grid. Hi\u1ec7n nay,H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 Pin l\u01b0u tr\u1eef<\/strong><\/a> Lithium-ion \u0111ang d\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf \u1eafc quy ch\u00ec nh\u1edd tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao (tr\u00ean 10 n\u0103m), s\u1ea1c nhanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1ea3 s\u00e2u t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
 Pin l\u01b0u tr\u1eef Goodwe<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>3.4. T\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (Electric Box)<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nh\u01b0: CB (Aptomat): ng\u1eaft \u0111i\u1ec7n khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng s\u00e9t lan truy\u1ec1n (SPD): B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Inverter v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n trong nh\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh. C\u1ea7u ch\u00ec DC: B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c chu\u1ed7i pin (string). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>3.5. Ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u0111i k\u00e8m<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng khung gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1: Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng nh\u00f4m anode ho\u1eb7c th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e2y c\u00e1p chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng (DC Cable): C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng tia UV. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jack k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i MC4: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin k\u00edn n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>4. B\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh nhanh c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>5. L\u1ee3i \u00edch khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi n\u0103m 2026<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1. Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong>: Gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn 80-90% h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng khung gi\u1edd cao \u0111i\u1ec3m ban ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. L\u00e0m m\u00e1t m\u00e1i nh\u00e0<\/strong>: C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cho t\u1ea7ng \u00e1p m\u00e1i t\u1eeb 3-5\u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n<\/strong>: C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 l\u1eafp \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n. 4. B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>: Gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed , g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>6. Nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd khi ch\u1ecdn mua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 tr\u00ean 25 n\u0103m, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n