{"id":1510,"date":"2026-02-02T09:44:19","date_gmt":"2026-02-02T02:44:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mpenergy.vn\/?p=1510"},"modified":"2026-02-10T08:17:48","modified_gmt":"2026-02-10T01:17:48","slug":"tam-pin-nang-luong-mat-troi-tam-pv-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mpenergy.vn\/en\/tam-pin-nang-luong-mat-troi-tam-pv-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi – t\u1ea5m PV l\u00e0 g\u00ec"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u1ea5m Pin N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi – T\u1ea5m PV: Gi\u1ea3i Ph\u00e1p N\u0103ng L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Xanh Cho T\u01b0\u01a1ng Lai<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch \u0111ang d\u1ea7n c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng sang n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 xu th\u1ebf t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu. Trong \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi – t\u1ea5m PV<\/strong> \u00a0l\u00e0 1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/a>. V\u1eady th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea5m PV l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? h\u00f4m nay ch\u00fang h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng MP Energy t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u chi ti\u1ebft trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n

1.\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi – t\u1ea5m PV l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

T\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi – t\u1ea5m PV<\/span> l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o quang \u0111i\u1ec7n (solar cells) \u2013 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111i-\u1ed1t quang h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef “PV” l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Photovoltaic, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “quang \u0111i\u1ec7n” (k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa t\u1eeb photo<\/em> – \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 voltaic<\/em> – \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p).<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m PV l\u00e0 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin<\/span><\/a> n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn, cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb quy m\u00f4 gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

\"T\u1ea5m
T\u1ea5m Pin PV<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

2. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi – t\u1ea5m PV<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n

Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi – t\u1ea5m PV<\/strong> d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra qua c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng:<\/strong> Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t photon (h\u1ea1t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng) \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m pin, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n d\u1eabn (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 Silicon) h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5.<\/li>\n
  2. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Electron:<\/strong> N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb photon l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c electron trong nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn b\u1ecb b\u1eadt ra kh\u1ecfi qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t mang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 do.<\/li>\n
  3. T\u1ea1o d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u00e1n d\u1eabn lo\u1ea1i N v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i P trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o quang \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c electron di chuy\u1ec3n theo m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC).<\/li>\n
  4. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> D\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n DC t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi – t\u1ea5m PV<\/span><\/strong> sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111i qua b\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea7n (Inverter) \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n xoay chi\u1ec1u (AC) \u2013 lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9 gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \"\"<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n

    3. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/b><\/h1>\n

    C\u00f3\u00a0hai t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/strong>\u00a0ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m pin c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Poly v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m pin c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Mono, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i pin m\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c\u00a0 nhau c\u1ee7a hai t\u1ea5m pin mono v\u00e0 Poly c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.\u00a0T\u1ea5m pin Mono<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0111\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3) c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111en, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cell pin d\u1ea1ng vu\u00f4ng n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u1ea5m pin Poly<\/strong>\u00a0(\u0111a tinh th\u1ec3) l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cell pin li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch, kh\u00edt v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

    T\u1ea5m pin Mono v\u00e0 Poly kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a hai t\u1ea5m pin n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. T\u1ea5m pin mono \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i silicon cao c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i,\u00a0t\u1ea5m pin \u0111a tinh th\u1ec3 Poly<\/strong>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i silicon th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

    D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o hai \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ea5m pin mono ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd cho hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd g\u1ea7n 30 n\u0103m.\u00a0T\u1ea5m pin mono<\/strong>\u00a0th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u00edt n\u1eafng, ch\u00fang v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i cao h\u01a1n v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m pin Poly. C\u00d9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5m poly s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 gi\u1edd n\u1eafng cao, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 cao v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh r\u1ebb h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

    \"t\u1ea5m
    t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    4. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m PV trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n

    S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi – t\u1ea5m PV<\/strong><\/span> tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng:<\/p>\n