{"id":1851,"date":"2026-03-11T13:41:18","date_gmt":"2026-03-11T06:41:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mpenergy.vn\/"},"modified":"2026-03-11T13:41:19","modified_gmt":"2026-03-11T06:41:19","slug":"te-bao-quang-dien-la-gi-cau-tao-nguyen-ly-ung-dung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mpenergy.vn\/en\/te-bao-quang-dien-la-gi-cau-tao-nguyen-ly-ung-dung\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ebf b\u00e0o quang \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chi ti\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u1ebf b\u00e0o quang \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chi ti\u1ebft<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea5m pin PV trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n thu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u1ea5m pin PV c\u00f3 c\u1ea7u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o quang \u0111i\u1ec7n. V\u1eady\u00a0t\u1ebf b\u00e0o quang \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/strong>, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ra sao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n nay. C\u00f9ng\u00a0MP Energy<\/mark><\/strong>\u00a0kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 chi ti\u1ebft qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>1. T\u1ebf b\u00e0o quang \u0111i\u1ec7n l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ebf b\u00e0o quang \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> (t\u00ean ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Solar Cell<\/strong> hay Photovoltaic Cell – PV<\/strong>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng quang \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ebf b\u00e0o quang \u0111i\u1ec7n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u1ea5m pin n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi<\/a><\/strong>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u (DC) ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/span>2. C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o quang \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o quang \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng silicon, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. L\u1edbp b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (K\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c\/M\u00e0ng b\u1ecdc):<\/strong>\u00a0B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong kh\u1ecfi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 va \u0111\u1eadp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. L\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1:<\/strong>\u00a0Gi\u00fap t\u1ebf b\u00e0o h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. L\u1edbp b\u00e1n d\u1eabn lo\u1ea1i N (Negative):<\/strong>\u00a0C\u00f3 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (electron).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. L\u1edbp b\u00e1n d\u1eabn lo\u1ea1i P (Positive):<\/strong>\u00a0Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. L\u1edbp ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p P-N:<\/strong>\u00a0N\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u1ea1o ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n khi c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. L\u1edbp ti\u1ebfp \u0111i\u1ec3m kim lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong>\u00a0Thu gom c\u00e1c electron \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n d\u1eabn ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \"te-bao-quang-dien
    te-bao-quang-dien <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    <\/span>3. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o quang \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Hi\u1ec7n nay, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o quang \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 3 lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    3.1. T\u1ebf b\u00e0o quang \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0110\u01a1n tinh th\u1ec3 (Monocrystalline)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ecfi silicon h\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ef1c cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n